Gastrointestinal motility occurs by the coordinated contractions of the tunica muscula ris, which forms the outer wall of the alimentary canal from the distal oesophagus to the external anal sphincter ...

The ability to modify the intracellular concentrations of divalent calcium ions is vital to normal cell functioning. In the cells of the cardiac muscle, calcium ions play a crucial role in coupling ...

Exposure to oil can cause severe cardiovascular effects in fish. Experiments provide direct evidence of how phenanthrene, an oil pollutant found in water, air and soil, causes irregular heartbeat and ...

Correspondence to: Dr Sale Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Ivor Wynne Centre, Room AB 117, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; saledmcmaster.ca On the basis of the foregoing, it would ...