One popular way to reconstruct analog signals in microcontrollers (µCs) is through pulse width modulation (PWM). However, this modulation produces a large number of harmonic components, which limits ...

Two things have been overlooked with phasing amplitude modulation. One is the importance of pulse modulation; the other is that logic gates can be used for analog signal processing. Both of these ...

The author is a consulting broadcast systems engineer. Electricity constitutes a major part of the operating expenses of analog transmitter sites operating below 30 MHz, if not the largest. This is ...

The key parameters of the FSS technique and their impact on EMI performance. How to evaluate FSS performance using simulation, ICs, and a signal generator. Frequency spread spectrum (FSS) is a ...

Fig 1. This shows the spectra of both waveforms when the Class D output is issuing silence (no audio, duty cycle = 50%) with a switching frequency of 333 kHz. Fig 2. The blue line shows the energy ...