If you’ve ever whacked the bottom of a ketchup bottle to get that tasty tomato goop flowing, you’ve put some serious physics to work. Ketchup is a non-Newtonian fluid. So are toothpaste, yogurt, ...

Fluids play a crucial role in industrial processes like cooling, heating, and mixing. Traditionally, most industries would utilize Newtonian fluids—which have a constant viscosity—for such processes.