Particle characterization is the process of measuring various properties of particles, such as size, shape, surface area, or other physical or chemical properties. Characterization is done using a ...

Particle size has long been a key method for characterization. Most particle size measurement techniques are indirect and assume that all measured particles are round when providing size results.

Topological data analysis (TDA) is a methodology designed to study qualitative properties (shapes) of data using topological, statistical, and computational ideas. This topological framework has ...