RF signals historically are measured using spectrum analyzers, at least that was before oscilloscopes offered sufficient bandwidth for those measurements. With oscilloscope bandwidths over 100 GHz, RF ...

Two things have been overlooked with phasing amplitude modulation. One is the importance of pulse modulation; the other is that logic gates can be used for analog signal processing. Both of these ...

In previous posts, I have introduced several do-it-yourself pwm controller circuits and reviewed several Chinese PWM controller modules. The next step in this post is to share the design of another ...

Optical data transmission (ODT) offers a means of sending data between moving objects without some of the drawbacks associated with radio-frequency and wired-communications methods. ODT essentially ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...