At the heart of a clocking device is the phased-locked loop (PLL). A key part of the PLL is the loop filter, which converts correction currents from the PLL charge pump into a control voltage for the ...

Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. While consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference-clock generation, other ...

Phase-locked-loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers are signal sources often employed in many types of electronic equipment. They show up as clock sources in high-frequency instruments and as local ...

The demand for analog and mixed-signal-based integrated circuits (ICs) has surged due to the increasing reliance on electronic-based applications across industries. As the world transitions to more ...

An important task for a digital communications receiver is to remove any frequency/phase offsets that might exist between the transmitter and receiver oscillators. Designers typically implement a ...

In designing a simple spectroscopy setup, we needed to synchronize the speed of a small, inexpensive dc motor precisely to 6000 rpm (100 Hz). Our first idea was to take a phase-frequency detector type ...

A fuzzy tracking system performs as a narrow bandwidth tracking system in terms of noise reduction, and a wide bandwidth tracking system in terms of dynamic response, overcoming the contradiction ...