In 1897 Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov proved that animals can be trained using associative learning. A new study finds ...
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Brainless single cells just showed a form of learning
Can a creature with one cell and no brain still learn from experience? A growing body of biology suggests that the answer is ...
More than a century ago, Pavlov trained his dog to associate the sound of a bell with food. Ever since, scientists assumed the dog learned this through repetition: The more times the dog heard the ...
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